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氯乙烯(CH_2=CHCl)主要用于制造聚氯乙烯塑料。在其合成、聚合与成品的生产过程中,均有不同程度的职业危害存在。过去认为它是一种毒性较低的物质。自50年代末期,在生产工人中发现雷诺氏症,60年代陆续报道了肢端溶骨症、硬皮病与肝脾肿大等病例;70年代宣称可以引起肝血管肉瘤后,逐渐引起了广泛的注意。一些年来通过深入的实验研究与大量的流行病学的调查,基本上确认氯乙烯是一种具有麻醉、血管痉挛、肝毒素与化学致癌作用的物质。 1973年,西德学者Juche等把由于接触氯乙烯而发生的硬皮病、雷诺氏症、肢端溶骨症、血小板减少、脾肿大、肝功能异常、肺功能不全等,概括统称为氯乙烯病。
Vinyl chloride (CH_2 = CHCl) is mainly used in the manufacture of PVC. In its synthesis, polymerization and finished product production process, there are varying degrees of occupational hazards exist. In the past it was considered a less toxic substance. Since the late 1950s, Raynaud’s disease was found in the production workers. In the 1960s, cases of osteolytic arthrosis, scleroderma and hepatosplenomegaly were reported one after another. In the 1970s, it was claimed that hepatic angiosarcoma was gradually aroused Attention. In recent years through in-depth experimental studies and a large number of epidemiological investigations, basically confirmed that vinyl chloride is a kind of anesthetic, vasospasm, liver toxins and chemical carcinogens. In 1973, West German scholar Juche et al. Summarized the scleroderma, Raynaud’s disease, osteolytic arthrosis, thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, abnormal liver function and pulmonary insufficiency caused by exposure to vinyl chloride. They are generally referred to as chlorine Vinyl disease.