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目的调查孕妇孕能量及膳食营养素摄入情况,找出存在的营养缺陷与问题。方法调查孕妇孕能量及膳食营养素摄入情况,分析营养缺陷与问题。结果哈尔滨市孕妇能量摄入是合理的,但蛋白质和脂肪供能比例偏高,碳水化合物供能比例偏低;维生素A与核黄素摄入量为边缘不足,硫胺素摄入不足,与中国居民营养素参考摄入量(RNI)比较维生素A差异无统计学意义,后两者差异极有统计学意义(P值均<0.01);膳食纤维摄入量低于推荐的摄入范围;维生素B6和叶酸摄入不足,与适宜摄入量或RNI相比较差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.001);钙、铁与锌的摄入不能满足随着孕龄增加而需要量的增加;其他营养素摄入都是充足的。结论哈尔滨市孕妇在孕早、中与晚期的膳食摄入均有一定缺陷,应对孕妇开展经常性的营养与健康教育。
Objective To investigate pregnant women pregnant energy and dietary intake of nutrients to identify the existence of nutritional deficiencies and problems. Methods To investigate pregnant women ’s energy intake and dietary nutrient intake, and to analyze nutritional deficiencies and problems. Results The energy intake of pregnant women in Harbin was reasonable, but the ratio of energy supply to protein and fat was high and the ratio of carbohydrate energy supply was low. The intake of vitamin A and riboflavin was marginal and the intake of thiamine was not enough. There was no significant difference in the reference intake of nutrients (RNI) among Chinese residents compared with that of vitamin A. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P <0.01). The intake of dietary fiber was lower than the recommended intake. Vitamins B6 and folic acid insufficiency, compared with the appropriate intake or RNI were statistically significant differences (P <0.001); calcium, iron and zinc intake can not meet the increase with the increasing gestational age need ; Other nutrients are adequate intake. Conclusion Pregnant women in Harbin have some shortcomings in early, middle and late pregnancy, and should carry out frequent nutrition and health education for pregnant women.