高血压可分为症状性高血压及原发性高血压。症状性高血压是由其他疾病,如肾脏病、内分泌病及妊娠中毒等所引起,“原发性”高血压即一般所称的高血压病。因为长期以来还没有找到它的病因,因此就称它为“原发性”或“特发性”高血压病。近年来,世界学者们对高血压病病因及发病机制进行了很多研究,资本主义国家多偏重于肾脏及体液因素的研究,而苏联学者则证明高血压病是中枢神经源性疾病,认为肾脏及其他器官的病变是继发性的。籣格(Ланг)及米氏(Мясников)等提出了高血压病的神经源学说,认为精神过度紧张,严重的精神创伤及长期不良情绪,加上个体的易感性,可使大脑皮层功能活动障碍,血管运动中枢功能失调,引起缩血管中枢的兴奋性增加,此种神经冲动经交感神经传至小血管,引起小动脉强力增加,血管发生痉挛,因而阻力加大,结果血压升高。当血压持久升高时,小动脉即可发生硬化。由于小血管的痉挛及硬化,引起脏器缺血,当肾缺血时,能产生加压物质, Hypertension can be divided into symptomatic hypertension and essential hypertension. Symptomatic hypertension is caused by other diseases, such as kidney disease, endocrine disease and gestational poisoning. The “primary” hypertension is commonly referred to as hypertension. Because it has not been found for a long time, it is called “primary” or “idiopathic” hypertension. In recent years, many scholars in the world have done a lot of research on the etiology and pathogenesis of hypertension. Capitalist countries mostly focus on the study of kidney and humoral factors. Soviet scholars have proved that hypertension is a CNS disease, Lesions in other organs are secondary. Neurological theories of hypertension, put forward by Ланг and Мясников et al., Suggest that mental stress, severe trauma and long-term negative emotions, together with individual predisposition, may impair the functional movement of the cerebral cortex , Vasomotor dysfunction, causing vasoconstriction increased excitability, such nerve impulses through the sympathetic nerve transmitted to the small blood vessels, causing strong increase in arterioles, vasospasm, which increased resistance, resulting in elevated blood pressure. When the blood pressure increases persistently, the arterioles can harden. As small blood vessels spasm and sclerosis, causing organ ischemia, when renal ischemia, can produce pressurized substances,