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在江苏南京(2007-2009年)设置了全天增温(AW)、白天增温(DW)和夜间增温(NW)3种处理,研究冬小麦生长及产量构成的响应差异.结果表明:非对称性增温条件下,冬小麦的无效分蘖减少,有效分蘖增加.对照(CK)处理的无效分蘖分别是AW、DW和NW处理的2.6、1.7和3.5倍,但有效分蘖却比3个增温处理分别减少13.7%、3.2%和0.5%.AW、DW和NW处理小麦株高分别较CK提高了5.6%、4.5%和1.3%.旗叶面积分别提高了45.7%、39.4%和26.1%,开花期总绿叶面积分别提高了25.1%、29.8%和17.3%,同期绿叶比分别提高了37.7%、43.3%和38.7%.穗部性状中,AW、DW和NW处理的每穗颖花数平均比CK提高了4.1%、5.7%和1.7%,每穗实粒数分别提高了2.2%、5.3%和2.6%.AW、DW和NW处理冬小麦的粒叶比平均分别较CK降低了15.3%、8.5%和11.3%,但千粒重平均分别提高了6.9%、6.2%和11.8%,单位面积产量平均分别提高了27.0%、40.1%和18.3%.表明预期增温条件下华东地区冬小麦生产力将可能进一步提高.
The effects of all-day warming (AW), daytime warming (DW) and nighttime warming (NW) on the response of winter wheat to growth and yield components were studied in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province (2007-2009) Under symmetrical warming conditions, the effective tillering of winter wheat was reduced and the effective tillering was increased.The invalid tillers of CK were 2.6, 1.7 and 3.5 times of those of AW, DW and NW, respectively, but the effective tillers were higher than those of 3 Treatment decreased by 13.7%, 3.2% and 0.5%, respectively.The plant height of AW, DW and NW treatments increased by 5.6%, 4.5% and 1.3%, respectively.The flag leaf area increased by 45.7%, 39.4% and 26.1% The total leaf area increased by 25.1%, 29.8% and 17.3% at the flowering stage, and the leafy green ratio increased by 37.7%, 43.3% and 38.7%, respectively.The average number of spikelets per panicle in AW, DW and NW treatments Compared with CK, CK increased by 2.2%, 5.3% and 2.6% respectively by 4.1%, 5.7% and 1.7%, and grain-leaf ratio of AW, DW and NW treatments decreased by 15.3% 8.5% and 11.3%, respectively, but the average grain yield per hectare increased by 6.9%, 6.2% and 11.8% respectively, and the average yield per unit area increased by 27.0%, 40.1% and 18.3% respectively. Winter wheat area will be possible to further improve productivity.