In this paper, the age, spatial distribution and petrochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks of southeastern China are discussed. They are subalkalic and alkalic. Except for the Pleistocene calc-alkalic volcanic rocks of northern Taiwan and the Late Tertiary tholeiitic rocks of Eastern Coastal Range of Taiwan, the alkalic basaltic rocks form the majority. Only alkalic and strongly alkalic basaltic and ultrabasic volcanic rocks occur in the inland to the west of the Haifeng-Zhenghe-Shangyu fracture zone. It follows that the petrochemical nature of the Cenozoic volcanics studied exhibits a marked trend of variation with time and space, implying that their formation was obviously controlled by the geotectonic setting. In this paper, the age, spatial distribution and petrochemistry of Cenozoic volcanic rocks of southeastern China are discussed. They are subalkalic and alkalic. Except for the Pleistocene calc-alkalic volcanic rocks of northern Taiwan and the Late Tertiary tholeiitic rocks of Eastern Coastal Range of Taiwan, the alkalic basaltic rocks form the majority. Only alkalic and strongly alkalic basaltic and ultrabasic volcanic rocks occur in the inland to the west of the Haifeng-Zhenghe-Shangyu fracture zone. It follows that the petrochemical nature of the Cenozoic volcanics studied exhibits a marked trend of variation with time and space, implying that their formation was obviously controlled by the geotectonic setting.