Human schistosomiasis, caused mainly by three principal species including Schistosoma japonicum, S. mansoni, and S. hematobium, remains a major public health conce worldwide. S. japonicum is prevalent in southe China, being a major disease risk for 66 million people. The blood fluke has a complex life cycle for survival: as a free-living form in fresh water and as a parasite in the snail intermediate and vertebrate definitive hosts. Systems-based biomedical analyses, including genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic and metabonomic approaches, have been performed on the schistosome. These comprehensive investigations have not only char-acterized the genomic features but also chartered gene and protein expression profiles across genders and develop-mental stages. The integration of the huge information will lay a global and solid foundation for the molecular architecture of the biology, pathogenesis, and host-parasite interactions of the human blood fluke, which will facilitate the development of a new antischistosomal vaccine and drugs as well as diagnostic markers for the treatment and control of schistosomiasis.