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目的通过对南昌市水体、水(海)产品中霍乱弧菌的系统监测,了解南昌市水体水(海)产品霍乱弧菌的污染状况,为制订霍乱防制策略提供依据。方法在霍乱可能发生流行的季节按月定期在南昌市范围内开展水体、水产品霍乱弧菌的监测,采用聚合酶链反应(PCR)方法对检出的霍乱弧菌的毒力特征进行分析,了解菌株的生物学性状,是否为产毒株,是否有致病力,采用核酸脉冲电泳场技术(PFGE)对水体、水产品中O139型分离株和同一年的霍乱病人及带菌者中的O139型分离株进行同源性分析比较,了解其分子生物学及流行病学特征。结果散发病例中的分离株均为非产毒株,同样有致病力,与外环境的水体、水(海)产品中的分离株无关联,暴发疫情的病例中的分离株均为产毒株,与常规监测的水(海)产品中的分离株有一定相关性,常规监测水体中的分离株均为非产毒株,在表型及基因水平上与病例中的分离株差异较大,不是病例发生的致病菌。结论霍乱疫情输入区散发病例具有偶然发生的特点,常常表现为“来无影、去无踪”的特点,被产毒株污染的水(海)产品是导致暴发疫情发生的主要原因。
Objective To understand the status of Vibrio cholerae in waters of water and sea in Nanchang through systematic monitoring of Vibrio cholerae in water and sea products in Nanchang so as to provide basis for the development of prevention and control strategies for cholera. Methods Vibrio cholerae in water and aquatic products were regularly monitored monthly in Nanchang within the season where cholera could occur. The virulence characteristics of Vibrio cholerae were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) To understand the biological characteristics of strains, whether it is virulent strains, whether pathogenicity, the use of nucleic acid pulse electrophoresis technique (PFGE) on water, aquatic products O139 isolates and cholera patients and carriers of the same year O139 Type isolates were compared for homology analysis to understand its molecular biology and epidemiological characteristics. Results The isolates in the sporadic cases were all non-toxigenic and had the same pathogenicity. The isolates were not associated with the isolates from the water body and water (sea) products in the external environment. The isolates in the outbreak cases were all toxic Strains, and conventional monitoring of water (sea) products in the isolated strains have some relevance, routine monitoring of water isolates are non-toxic strains, in the phenotype and gene level with the case of isolates larger differences , Not the case of pathogenic bacteria. Conclusions The sporadic cases of cholera epidemic area have the characteristics of accidental occurrence, often manifested as “no shadow, no trace”, the water (sea) products contaminated by toxigenic strains are the main causes of the outbreak.