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目的了解南京市某企业噪声对接触噪声作业(接噪)工人健康损害的特点,为预防噪声危害提供对策。方法选择2015年在南京江北人民医院进行职业健康体检的某企业接噪工人为研究对象,测定该企业工作场所噪声,采用问卷调查的方法询问噪声卫生防护知识知晓情况,按照《职业健康监护技术规范》的要求对1 131名在岗接噪工人进行职业健康体检,并对结果进行分析。结果该企业接噪工人疑似职业噪声聋、职业禁忌证和听力损失的检出率分别为1.59%、6.54%和45.44%,心电图异常、类神经症状、耳部症状、心血管系统症状、高血压的检出率分别为22.46%、30.15%、16.00%、6.80%和30.06%。接噪工人对职业病相关知识、噪声的危害和防护知晓率均较低,主动采取降噪保护措施者仅40.76%。随着接噪工龄的延长,疑似职业噪声聋、职业禁忌证、听力损失、类神经症状、耳部症状、心血管系统症状和高血压检出率不断升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);随着接噪强度的增加,疑似职业噪声聋、职业禁忌证、听力损失、异常心电图、类神经症状、心血管系统症状和高血压检出率不断升高(P<0.05,P<0.01);男性类神经症状、耳部症状和高血压检出率高于女性(P均<0.05);噪声防护组疑似职业噪声聋、职业禁忌证、听力损失、类神经症状、耳部症状、心血管系统症状和高血压检出率均比未防护组低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论噪声已对该企业接噪工人健康造成一定危害,企业应该采取降噪措施并加强职业卫生防治知识宣传,重点关注高接噪工龄和高接噪强度人群,以减少噪声造成的职业危害。
Objective To understand the characteristics of noise damage to workers exposed to noise in an enterprise in Nanjing and to provide countermeasures to prevent noise damage. Methods To select the noise-exposed workers who occupational health examination in Nanjing Jiangbei People’s Hospital in 2015 as the research object, measure the noise in the workplace of the enterprise, and use the method of questionnaire to inquire about the knowledge of noise health protection. According to Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Monitoring "Asked 1,131 occupational health examinations of workers on duty in the post and analyzed the results. Results The detection rate of suspected occupational noise, occupational contraindication and hearing loss were 1.59%, 6.54% and 45.44% respectively in this company. The abnormality of electrocardiogram, neuroid symptoms, ear symptoms, cardiovascular system symptoms, hypertension The detection rates were 22.46%, 30.15%, 16.00%, 6.80% and 30.06% respectively. Workers exposed to noise on occupational disease-related knowledge, the hazards of noise and awareness of protection are low, take the initiative to take measures to reduce noise only 40.76%. The prevalence of suspected occupational noise, occupational contraindications, hearing loss, neurological symptoms, ear symptoms, cardiovascular system symptoms and the prevalence of hypertension increased with the increase of the length of noise exposure (P <0.05, P <0.01) ; With the increase of noise intensity, the detection rate of suspected occupational noise deafness, occupational contraindications, hearing loss, abnormal electrocardiogram, neuroid symptoms, cardiovascular system symptoms and hypertension increased continuously (P <0.05, P <0.01) ; The neurological symptoms of male, the detection rate of ear symptoms and hypertension were higher than those of women (all P <0.05); noise of occupational noise, occupational contraindication, hearing loss, neurological symptoms, ear symptoms, cardiovascular Systematic symptoms and high blood pressure detection rate were lower than the non-protective group (P <0.05, P <0.01). Conclusion The noise has caused some harm to the health of the noise-exposed workers in the enterprise. Enterprises should adopt measures to reduce noise and strengthen knowledge of occupational health prevention and treatment. The focus should be on the population with high service-picking and high noise-holding strength so as to reduce the occupational hazards caused by noise.