序言对于一些国家的“落后”和“低发达”的原因及其后果,两大学派的解释是相对立的。一派是“扩散学派”,他们认为“低发达”是某些社会存在的一种特定的状态,这些社会之所以“低发达”,是因为它们缺少资本、技术和工艺,或者缺乏文化和心理上的与“发达”社会相关联的属性。因此,要解决这个问题就得把上述这些因素从“发 Preamble For some countries, “backward” and “low-developed” causes and consequences of the interpretation of the two schools are opposed. One group is a “proliferation school,” and they consider “low developed” a particular state of existence for some societies that are “underdeveloped” because of their lack of capital, technology and craftsmanship, or their lack of cultural and psychological Of the attributes associated with a “developed” society. Therefore, in order to solve this problem, we must start from these factors