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对黄淮海平原玉田县和陵县试区粮田土壤养分平衡现状进行了评价。结果表明 ,玉田县和陵县试区粮田氮素 (N)平衡均处于盈余状况 ,分别为 2 0 2 1和 189 3kg·hm-2 ·a-1,其实际平衡盈余率分别达到 6 4 4 %和 71 8% ,较允许平衡亏缺率 (玉田县和陵县试区分别为 - 4 8%和 - 2 3 1% )分别高出 6 9 2和 94 9个百分点 ,大大超过合理的范围 ,可能会引起环境问题。磷素 (P2 O5)平衡亦均处于盈余状态 ,分别为 5 8 4和 88 4kg·hm-2 ·a-1,其实际平衡盈余率分别为 5 7 2 %和 84 6 % ,较允许平衡盈亏率 (玉田县试区允许盈余 11 1% ,陵县试区允许亏缺- 6 2 3% )分别高出 4 6 1和 14 6 9个百分点 ,玉田县试区磷肥的施用基本合理 ,而陵县试区磷肥用量明显偏高 ,未得到合理高效利用。钾素 (K2 O)亏缺均较高 ,差异也较大 ,分别为 - 5 0 9和 - 115 3kg·hm-2 ·a-1,其实际平衡亏缺率均低于允许平衡亏缺率 ,两地尤其是陵县试区土壤钾素长期处于亏缺状态 ,将会明显降低土壤的供钾能力。
The status quo of soil nutrient balance in grain fields in Yutian County and Ling County, Huang-Huai-Hai Plain was evaluated. The results showed that the balance of nitrogen (N) in grain fields in Yutian County and Heling County were all in surplus, which were respectively 2 0 2 1 and 1 189 3 kg · hm-2 · a-1, respectively. The actual equilibrium surplus rate reached 6 4 4% and 71 8% respectively, which were 6 9 2 and 94 9% higher than the allowable equilibrium deficit rate (-48% and -231% respectively in Hetian County and Yutian County test areas), much higher than the reasonable Range, may cause environmental problems. The balance of phosphorus (P2 O5) was also in surplus, respectively, at 5 8 4 and 88 4 kg · hm-2 · a-1. The actual equilibrium surpluses were 57.2% and 84.6%, respectively, The rate of trial in Yutian Experimental Zone was 11 1% and the allowance in Ling County Experimental Zone was 6.23%, respectively, which were respectively 4 6 1 and 14 6 9 percentage points. The application of phosphate fertilizer in Yutian Experimental Zone was basically reasonable and Ling County trial significantly higher phosphorus fertilizer, did not get reasonable and efficient use. Potassium (K 2 O) deficit was higher and the difference was also larger, which was -509 and -1515 kg · hm-2 · a-1, respectively. The actual deficit rate was lower than the allowable equilibrium deficit rate , Especially in the experimental area of Ling County, potassium in the soil was in a deficit state for a long time, which would obviously reduce the potassium supply capacity of the soil.