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建立了填充椭球颗粒电磁屏蔽复合材料等效电磁参数的物理模型,基于变分原理和电磁波传输理论推导出其电磁屏蔽性能的预测公式,计算了不同填充条件下复合材料的屏蔽效能及反射率,分析了填料显微结构特征(浓度、形状、尺寸、分布方式)对复合材料屏蔽性能的影响规律.结果表明,复合材料屏蔽效能和反射率随填料填充浓度、长径比的增加而增大;针形和片形填料优于球形填料且定向分布好于随机分布;材料的反射率在特定的填充浓度及填料尺寸下存在峰值。屏蔽效能的计算结果与实验上填充球形银包羰基铁和镀镍短碳纤维的屏蔽复合材料的测试数据拟合较好。
The physical model of the equivalent electromagnetic parameters of the composite material filled with ellipsoidal particles was established. Based on the variational principle and electromagnetic wave propagation theory, the electromagnetic shielding performance prediction formula was deduced. The shielding effectiveness and reflectance of composite under different filling conditions were calculated. , The effects of microstructure characteristics (concentration, shape, size and distribution) of filler on the shielding performance of the composites were analyzed.The results showed that the shielding effectiveness and reflectivity of the composites increased with the filler concentration and the aspect ratio ; Needle-shaped and plate-shaped packing is superior to spherical packing and the orientation distribution is better than random distribution; and the reflectivity of the material has a peak at a specific filling concentration and packing size. The calculated results of the shielding effectiveness fit well with the experimental data of the shielding composites filled with spherical waffle-bonded carbonyl iron and nickel-plated short carbon fibers.