改革开放以来,伴随着我国经济的增长,居民收入大幅增加,但居民间的收入差距也呈现出扩大趋势。本文运用因子分析方法对居民收入分配影响因素进行分析,发现2010年影响居民收入分配的最重要因素为制度因子,接下来是社会因子和经济因子;此外,综合得分显示,在地域上我国东部地区居民收入差距最大,差距最小的是中部地区。今后政府应制定更加合理的政策,更有效率地发展,创造更多的就业机会。对新疆来说,应尽可能实现区域均衡发展,保持经济稳定增长,以达到减小居民收入分配差距的目的。 Since the reform and opening up, along with the economic growth of our country, the income of residents has increased substantially, but the income gap among residents has also shown an upward trend. This article uses factor analysis method to analyze the influencing factors of residents’ income distribution and finds that the most important factor that affects the income distribution of residents in 2010 is the system factor, followed by the social factor and economic factor. In addition, the comprehensive score shows that in the eastern part of our country Residents of the largest income gap, the smallest difference is the central region. In the future, the government should formulate more reasonable policies to develop more efficiently and create more employment opportunities. For Xinjiang, a balanced development of the region should be achieved as far as possible to maintain a steady economic growth so as to reduce the gap in income distribution among residents.