一是观点材料化。材料是观点由“死”变“活”的载体，要尽力从现实中搜集素材，再从素材中归纳出观点、结论。这样，学习效果往往比教师直接给出观点结论要好得多。现行教材中穿插了大量的现实材料，教学中我们要科学、巧妙地运用，同时还要注意从学生身边选取一些学生熟悉的 One is the materialization of ideas. Material is the carrier from which the viewpoint changes from “dead” to “living”. It is necessary to do its best to collect material from the reality and then summarize the viewpoints and conclusions from the material. In this way, the learning effect is often much better than the teacher’s direct conclusion. There are a large number of realistic materials interspersed in the current teaching materials. In teaching, we must use science and skillfully. At the same time, we must pay attention to selecting some students who are familiar with the students.