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德国社会学家马克斯·韦伯在他的名著《新教伦理与资本主义精神》一书中阐述了西方基督教新教伦理对近代资本主义发展的促进作用,并断言东方的儒家伦理结不出现代化之果。但20世纪60年代以来,属于“儒学文化圈”的亚洲的日本和“四小龙”的经济发展的巨大成就,不仅打破了韦伯的理伦,而且“亚洲工业伦理区”开创的经济发展摸式似乎比欧美模式具有更大的优越性。人们纷纷把日本和“四小龙”经济的腾飞归因于这些国家真正做到了将本国的市场经济和中国儒家文化进行的完美结合,并将其誉为“东亚模式”和“东亚奇迹”。儒家伦理及其在经济活动中的应用受到一部分学者特别是倡导“新儒学”的学者的热烈推崇,被称之为推动亚洲经济迅猛发展的“儒商精神”。许多商学兼修、义利兼顾的企业家,被称为“儒商”。虽然1997年亚洲金融危机暴发后欧美等国的某些权威性报刊甚至宣称这次危机标志着东亚价值观的失败和终结,儒家文化是造成这次危机的深刻根源,但这种观点并没有得到普遍认同。近几年随着中国经济在世界经济普遍不景气的时候“一支独秀”及东南亚经济开始缓慢复苏,“儒学文化圈”又“前景看好”。“儒商”和“儒商精神”的讨论又热烈起来。那么,到底什么是“儒商”和“儒商精神”呢?儒商的本质特征是什么呢?儒商有何历史足迹呢?怎样在发展社会主义市场经济,走向现代化和参与全球化的进程中打造一大批“义利兼顾”的21世纪的中国新儒商呢?这是一个重要的理论和实践问题。
In his famous book Protestant Ethics and Capitalist Spirit, the German sociologist Max Weber elaborated on the promotion of the Protestant ethic of Western Christianity to the development of modern capitalism and asserted that the Confucian ethics in the East can not achieve the result of modernization. However, since the 1960s, the tremendous achievements in the economic development of Asia and Japan and the “four little dragons” belonging to the “Confucian cultural circle” have not only broken Weber’s Rellon, but also “Asian Industrial Ethics Zone” The mode of economic development pioneered seems to have more advantages than the European and American models. People all attributed the rapid economic growth in Japan and the “four little dragons” to the perfect combination of these two countries with their own market economy and Confucianism in China. They have also praised it as the “East Asian Model” and “ East Asian Miracle ”. Confucian ethics and its application in economic activities are warmly esteemed by scholars, especially those advocating “neo-Confucianism,” and are called “Confucianists Spirit” to promote the rapid development of Asia’s economy. Many businesswomen, both legal and moral, are called “Confucianists.” Although certain authoritative newspapers in Europe and the United States after the outbreak of the Asian financial crisis in 1997 even claimed that the crisis marked the failure and the end of East Asian values, Confucianism was the root cause of the crisis, but this view has not been widespread Agree In recent years, as the Chinese economy has been slowly recovering from the slump in the world economy and the economy in Southeast Asia has begun to recover slowly, the Confucian cultural circle has a good future. “Confucianism ” and “Confucianism spirit ” discussion enthusiastically again. So what exactly are “Confucianism” and “Scholarly Spirit”? What are the essential characteristics of Confucian traders? What are the historical footprints of Confucian traders? How to develop the socialist market economy toward modernization and participation? In the process of globalization, it is an important issue of theory and practice to create a large number of Chinese neo-Confucian merchants in the 21st century.