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一、(15分) 1、已知前四周期的元素A、B、C、D其原子序数按ABCD次序依次增大,其价电子数依次为3、1、2、7。又知A与B、C的次外层电子数为8,D的次外层电子数为18。问: ①A、B、C、D分别为何种元素? ②分别写出这些元素的简单离子? ③哪一种元素的氢氧化物碱性最强? ④哪一种元素形成的单质的氧化性最强?哪一种还原性最强? 2、某金属M0.9克与盐酸完全反应,可生成MCl3_,并置换出1.12升氢气(在标准状况下)。已知该元素原子核里有14个中子,试根据计算结果,画出金属M的原子结构示意图。
I. (15 points) 1. The atomic numbers of the elements A, B, C, and D in the first four cycles are known to increase in order according to the ABCD order, and their valence electron numbers are 3, 1, 2, and 7, respectively. It is also known that the number of secondary outer electrons of A and B and C is 8, and the number of secondary outer electrons of D is 18. Q: What are the elements 1A, B, C, and D? 2 Write the simple ions of these elements? 3 Which element has the strongest hydroxide hydroxide? 4 Which of the elements forms the most oxidizing element? What is the strongest reducibility? 2. M0.9g of a certain metal reacts completely with hydrochloric acid to generate MCl3_ and replace 1.12 liters of hydrogen (under standard conditions). It is known that there are 14 neutrons in the atomic nucleus of this element. Based on the calculation results, a sketch of the atomic structure of metal M is drawn.