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干眼发病机制十分复杂，趋于一种多因素共同参与的恶性循环机制。泪液分泌受交感神经与副交感神经系统共同调控，神经纤维末梢分泌神经递质、神经肽，参与维系眼表稳态。因此神经调节异常可致泪液分泌异常、眼表稳态失衡，进而引起干眼。同时，干眼患者泪膜持续异常可损伤眼表正常修复机制，使眼表和泪腺处于一种慢性炎症状态。干眼患者角膜对温度变化和机械刺激敏感，眼痛症状可能与慢性炎症影响角膜疼痛传导通路有关。目前，活体激光扫描共聚焦显微镜、角膜知觉测量仪等仪器可评估干眼患者角膜神经形态及功能状况。使用神经相关因子营养角膜，通过刺激神经或相关受体促进泪液分泌等方法有助于完善干眼的综合治疗。本文就神经调节、神经感受异常与干眼的联系进行综述。“,”Dry eye affects a large number of people worldwide.A vicious cycle involving multiple factors tends to be implicated in its pathophysiology.Tear secretion is regulated by the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems.Corneal nerve fibers secrete neurotransmitters and neuropeptides, which together participate in the maintenance of ocular surface homeostasis.Abnormal neuromodulation can cause abnormal tear secretion and a disruption of ocular surface homeostasis, leading to dry eye.The persistent abnormal tear film in dry eye can damage the normal repair system of ocular surface and leave the ocular surface and the lacrimal gland in a chronic inflammatory state.The cornea in dry eye patients is more sensitive to temperature change and mechanical stimulation than in healthy individuals.Symptomatic eye pain may be related to the effect of chronic inflammation on the corneal pain signal pathway.In vivo confocal microscopy and corneal esthesiometry can be used to evaluate the corneal nerve morphology and function in dry eye patients.This may ead to a more comprehensive treatment of dry eyes through the use of nerve related factors to nourish the cornea and the stimulation of neural pathways or related neural receptors to increase tear secretion.This study reviewed the relationship between neurosensory abnormalities and dry eye.