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六、氮肥损失与环境污染 氮肥的损失,大大降低了肥料的经济效果,造成很大浪费。另一方面,氮肥过量地施用后造成的流失、淋失和气态损失,引起对人类生活环境、生物界、食物、土壤、水源和大气的严重污染,成为现代农业迫切需要解决的问题。 Patrumo提供的资料表明,植物体内NO_3-N累积致毒的临界含量为0.2％。当青贮玉米每公顷施N达到400公斤,高粱施N达到800公斤时,其植株内NO_3-N含量即可达到此限。 显然,化肥和其它化学制剂在现代农业中大量广泛地使用,迫使我们必须研究化学物质在自然环境、人类和动物的食品及生物有机体内残留和有害累积问题。 NO_3~-尽管硝酸盐是自然界广泛存在的化合物(如在智利,天然硝酸钠累积量达二亿五千万吨),
Six, nitrogen loss and environmental pollution The loss of nitrogen fertilizer, greatly reducing the economic efficiency of fertilizers, resulting in a great waste. On the other hand, the loss, leaching loss and loss of gas caused by excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer have caused serious pollution to human living environment, biological world, food, soil, water and atmosphere, which has become an urgent problem to be solved by modern agriculture. The information provided by Patrumo shows that the critical mass of NO_3-N accumulation in plants is 0.2%. When silage corn N per hectare reached 400 kilograms, sorghum N applied 800 kilograms, the plant NO_3-N content can reach this limit. Obviously, the widespread use of fertilizers and other chemicals in modern agriculture has forced us to study the problem of the chemical residues remaining and harmful in the natural environment, human and animal food and biological organisms. NO_3 ~ - Although nitrate is a naturally occurring compound (as in Chile, natural sodium nitrate has accumulated 250 million tons)