苏格拉底(公元前469—399页)是明确提出“美德即知识”的第一人,是他确立了古代西方科技伦理思想最基本的原则。他在知识论基础上建构起他的道德论,提出善的本质即是智慧,奉智慧为道德祟尚之圭臬,这对西方科技伦理文化的发展,生发了广泛而深刻的影响,成为西方古代文明中最灿烂的思想和社会时尚;同时,它又成为古代西方科技发展的巨大精神推动力。 一、“美德即知识”的证明 首先,美德是什么?苏格拉底认为,美德即善的品德,它具有普遍永恒的特征,各种具体的 Socrates (469-399 BC) was the first person to explicitly state “virtue as knowledge,” the most basic principle that he established the ethics of ancient Western science and technology. He constructs his theory of morality on the basis of epistemology. He proposes that the essence of goodness is wisdom, and wisdom is the guiding principle of morality. This has had a widespread and profound impact on the development of ethics and culture in Western science and has become an ancient civilization in the West. In the most brilliant ideas and social fashion; the same time, it has become a huge spiritual impetus to the development of ancient Western science and technology. First, the proof of “virtue is knowledge” First of all, what is virtue? Socrates believes that virtue is good moral character, which has universal eternal characteristics, various concrete