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目前地方水运业的现状如何呢?从温州市的情况也许可以窥测一斑。全市20多家水运企业几乎是全部负增长,户户亏损,一部分已朝不保夕。究其原因是多方面的,有客观大环境方面的,也有主观方面的,但主要有下面几点: 第一、运力发展超前,脱离了客观运量需求。前几年水运市场形势大好,促进了水运部门放手增添捉襟见肘的运力。一方面是新建船舶,一方面是向国际市场引进二手船。一些小型的水运企业如雨后春笋,乐清船舶市场应运而生。浙江省水上运力从1992年约50万吨,发展到1995年已增加到150万吨,增加了2倍。就在这个运力达到高峰期,国家宏观调控措施逐步落实,经济增长过热的不正常现象,逐渐得到纠正,货源不断回落。1994年下半年开始,运能过剩的矛盾已显得突出。进入1995年,这一矛盾已达到使水运企业难以承受的地步。同样从天津运煤到温州运价从每吨95至100元下降为55至70元,下降42％～35％;油料从每吨1850元上涨为2050元,上升10.86％;船员工资1600总吨以上每船24名船员计工资、伙食、劳保等费用从5.5万元上升为8万元左右,上升45.46％。运价大幅度下跌,成本大幅度上升,促使出现温州地区水运史上从未有过的20多家水运企业全面亏损,部分小型企业濒临倒闭或停业,大中型企业负债累累,朝不保夕,乐清船市迅速衰退、
At present, what is the status quo of the local water transport industry? The situation in Wenzhou may be peeps. More than 20 water transport enterprises in the city are almost all negative growth, household losses, some have been precarious. The reasons are many, there are objective aspects of the environment, there are subjective aspects, but the main points are as follows: First, capacity development ahead of the demand from the objective volume. A few years ago, the water transport market was in a good shape, which facilitated the shipping sector to let go and expand its capacity. The one hand, the new ship, on the one hand the introduction of second-hand vessels to the international market. Some small-scale water transport enterprises springing up, Yueqing shipping market came into being. The water transport capacity in Zhejiang Province increased from about 500,000 tons in 1992 to 1.5 million tons in 1995, an increase of two times. At the peak of this capacity, the gradual implementation of the state macro-control measures and the abnormal phenomenon of overheating in the economy have been gradually corrected and sources of supply have been declining. Since the second half of 1994, the contradiction of excess capacity has become prominent. Into 1995, this contradiction has reached the water transport enterprises unbearable. Similarly, the freight rate from Tianjin to Wenzhou decreased from 55 to 70 yuan per tonne to 55 to 70 yuan, a decrease of 42% to 35%; oil rose from 1,850 yuan per tonne to 2,050 yuan, up 10.86%; and the crew’s wages were 1,600 tons The above 24 crew members on board each accounted for wages, meals, labor insurance and other expenses from 55,000 yuan to 80,000 yuan, up 45.46%. The sharp drop in freight rates and the substantial increase in costs have led to the overall loss of more than 20 water transport enterprises that have never been seen in the history of water transport in Wenzhou area. Some small enterprises are on the verge of bankruptcy or closure. The large and medium-sized enterprises are heavily indebted and Yueqing Ship Rapidly decline,