一、医学遗传学的重要性 随着医学遗传学的不断发展,对遗传病的认识逐步深入,除染色体病、单基因病、多因子病外,还发现了线粒体病(如Leber视神经萎缩、KearnsSayre综合征、绿霉素抗性等)与体细胞遗传病(如各种肿瘤,可能还有自身免疫病、衰老等)以及“获得性遗传病”(如艾滋病及其它病毒病)。仅就单基因决定的性状与疾病而言,已从1966年的1487种增到6678种之多。 医学遗传学是本世纪50年代才开始发展起来的。先是细胞遗传学与生化遗传学,继之分子遗传 First, the importance of medical genetics With the continuous development of medical genetics, genetic disease understanding gradually deepened, in addition to chromosome disease, single gene disease, multifactorial disease, also found mitochondrial disease (such as Leber optic atrophy, KearnsSayre Syndrome, etc.) and somatic genetic diseases (such as various tumors, and possibly autoimmune diseases, aging, etc.) and “acquired genetic diseases” (such as AIDS and other viral diseases). In terms of single gene-specific traits and diseases, the number has increased from 1,487 in 1966 to as many as 6,678. Medical genetics began to develop in the 1950s. First cytogenetics and biochemical genetics, followed by molecular genetics