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采用样带法和固定半径样点法对包头民航机场8种生境中的鸟类分别进行了调查研究,共记录到鸟类153种,隶属于16目39科。计算了鸟类群落结构的多样性指数、均匀性指数、优势度、密度、重要值等特征参数,探讨了影响鸟击发生的因素。结果表明,食源、水源、栖息地和繁殖场所是影响该机场及其周边地区鸟类多样性的主要因子。将调查期间记录到的鸟类划分为严重危险、很危险、较危险和一般危险4个等级,其中严重危险的鸟类有家鸽、雨燕、家燕、麻雀等10种,很危险的鸟类有苍鹭、大鵟、喜鹊等31种,较危险的鸟类有凤头鸊鷉、灰鹡鴒、达乌里寒鸦等47种。最后提出了鸟击防范对策及建议。
A total of 153 bird species were recorded in the samples of 8 habitats in Baotou Civil Aviation Airport by transect method and fixed-radius sample point method, belonging to 16 orders and 39 families. The diversity index, evenness index, dominance, density and important value of bird community structure were calculated, and the factors affecting the bird strike were discussed. The results show that food, water, habitats and breeding sites are the main factors affecting the diversity of birds in the airport and its surrounding areas. The birds recorded during the survey are divided into 4 classes: serious dangerous, very dangerous, relatively dangerous and general dangerous. Among them, 10 are dangerous domestic birds, swifts, swallows, sparrows and other critically endangered birds. There are 31 species of heron, big bream and magpie. The more dangerous birds include 47 species of Crested Grebe, Asclepiadaceae and Daurian Jackdaws. Finally put forward the bird strike prevention measures and suggestions.