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近十年来,食道静脉曲张出血药物治疗和预防进展迅速.治疗门脉高压的药物主要是调节过多的内脏循环血流.血管收缩药物通过降低内脏动脉血流而降低门脉压力;血管扩张剂则通过减低肝内和/或肝侧阻力而降低门脉压.应用β-肾上腺素能拮抗剂预防门脉高压合并食道静脉曲张出血是药物防治肝硬化食道静脉曲张出血的一大进步.非选择性β-阻滞剂普萘洛尔(心得安),能明显减少曲张静脉出血的发生率,减少致死性出血及再出血的发生,取得了与内镜硬化疗法同样的效果.
Over the past decade, rapid progress has been made in the treatment and prevention of esophageal varices bleeding.Pharmaceuticals for treating portal hypertension mainly regulate excess visceral circulation.Vasoconstrictors reduce portal pressure by reducing visceral arterial blood flow, and vasodilators Reduce portal pressure by reducing intrahepatic and / or hepatic side effects.Prevention of β-adrenergic antagonists in the prevention of portal hypertension combined with esophageal variceal bleeding is a significant improvement in the prevention and treatment of cirrhosis with esophageal variceal bleeding. Propranolol (propranolol), can significantly reduce the incidence of variceal bleeding, reduce the incidence of fatal bleeding and rebleeding, achieved the same effect with endoscopic sclerotherapy.