森林是陆地生态系统的主体,为人类社会发展提供了必需的生态保障和丰富的物质资源。人类对森林的开发利用自古有之,森林资源为人类社会的发展作出了巨大贡献。但是,现代以来,随着人口的迅速增长和社会经济的快速发展,森林的开发利用偏离正常轨道的现象时 Forests are the main body of terrestrial ecosystems, providing the necessary ecological protection and abundant material resources for the development of human society. Human development and utilization of forests have existed since ancient times, and forest resources have made great contributions to the development of human society. However, since the modern times, with the rapid population growth and the rapid socio-economic development, when the development and utilization of forests deviate from the normal track