急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)的预后与其病因至关密切,早期诊断和及时采取正确的防治方案也十分重要.为了及时作出早期诊断,必须熟悉掌握病因及病因性疾病.我们熟悉哪些原因或什么疾病会发生ARF,心中有数,就能做到早期诊断,及时正确治疗,使病人预后大大改观。一、病因性诊断按ARF的病因,一般将其分为肾前性、肾性及肾后性三大类. (一)肾前性:主要是指有效循环血量突然急剧降低,导致急性肾缺血,出现ARF.如感染性休克、创伤性休克、心源性休克、急性溶血、急性横纹肌溶解症、严重脱盐、脱水及电解质紊乱等均为常见的病因或病因性疾病。因此,遇到上述情况我们必须想到有可能发展成ARF、ARF诊断已肯定的病人,我们也应详细询问上 Acute renal failure (ARF) prognosis and its causes are closely related to early diagnosis and timely and proper control programs are also very important .In order to make early diagnosis, must be familiar with the etiology and etiology of the disease.We are familiar with what causes or what diseases ARF will occur, knowing that, we can do early diagnosis, timely and correct treatment, the prognosis of patients greatly improved. First, the etiological diagnosis of ARF according to the etiology, generally divided into prerenal, renal and posterior renal three categories. (A) prerenal: refers to the sudden and dramatic reduction of the effective circulating blood volume, leading to acute kidney Ischemia, ARF, such as septic shock, traumatic shock, cardiogenic shock, acute hemolysis, acute rhabdomyolysis, severe desalination, dehydration and electrolyte disorders are common etiology or etiological diseases. Therefore, we encounter the above situation we must think of the possibility of developing into ARF, ARF diagnosis of patients have been confirmed, we should also ask in detail