[目的]探讨急性白血病化疗并真菌感染的易感因素及病厡学特点,制定预防和控制医院真菌感染的措施。[方法]对治疗的32例白血病并真菌感染患者的感染部位、诱发因素,使用抗菌药物、激素等进行回顾性调查分析。[结果]32例白血病并发39例次真菌感染,真菌感染率为26.89%,真菌种类以白色念珠菌为主(58.97%),其次为酵母样菌(28.21%),感染部位以口咽部感染为主(53.84%),其次为肺部感染(28.20%),34例次治疗有效(87.18%),易感因素包括中性粒细胞绝对值减低或缺乏﹑长期使用抗生素及激素。[结论]积极治疗原发病,提高中性粒细胞数,严格合理使用抗菌药物,对预防医院真菌感染有十分重要意义。 [Objective] To investigate the predisposing factors and disease characteristics of chemotherapy and fungal infection in acute leukemia and to develop measures to prevent and control hospital fungal infection. [Method] The infection sites, induced factors, antimicrobial agents and hormones in 32 cases of leukemia and fungal infection were retrospectively analyzed. [Results] The fungal infection rate was 26.89% in 32 cases of leukemia with 39 cases of secondary fungal infections. Candida albicans was the major fungal species (58.97%), followed by yeast-like bacteria (28.21%), with oropharyngeal infection (53.84%), followed by pulmonary infection (28.20%) and 34 cases (87.18%). The predisposing factors include the reduction or deficiency of absolute neutrophils, long-term use of antibiotics and hormones. [Conclusion] It is of great importance to prevent hospital fungal infection by actively treating the primary disease, increasing the number of neutrophils and strictly and rationally using antibiotics.