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(1)材料一中图二与图一相比,明朝官制的突出特点是什么?试以史实说明。根据所学知识,指出秦朝官制是受什么思想的影响?明朝官制的弊端在思想领域有什么反映?两种思想产生的经济根源是什么?各反映了怎样的社会发展趋势?(2)评述材料一中图三的政治制度改革。材料一中图四美国联邦政府机构的运行机制是什么?这一机制源自什么理论?材料一中图三和图四这两种政治模式在形式上有何共同点?本质上相同吗?请简要说明理由。
(1) a material in Figure two compared with Figure One, the salient features of the Ming Dynasty official system? Try to illustrate the facts. According to what they learned, it is pointed out that the officialdom of the Qin Dynasty was influenced by what thought? What defects did the official system of the Ming Dynasty reflect in the ideological field? What were the economic sources of the two kinds of thoughts? What kind of social development trends each reflected? (2) Comment on the material in Figure 3 of the political system reform. Material I Figure IV What is the operating mechanism of the federal government agencies in the United States? What theory does this mechanism originate from? What are the two formally commonalities between the two political models in Figure III and Figure IV? Essentially the same? Briefly explain the reasons.