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从一九九一年五月一日起,我国城镇居民的口粮口油实行了统一的大幅度提价。这是政府多年来在城镇居民口粮统销价格方面第一次作出的有力的改革行动。此次粮油价格的大幅度调整,究竟给城镇居民的生活造成了多大的影响呢? 这是一个极为重要,急待探讨的问题。本文应用定性与定量相结合的分析方法,分析了这种影响的程度,并且,进一步讨论了城镇居民对粮油价格的进一步放开是否具有潜在的承受能力问题,以便为今后从根本上清除购销倒挂现象,理顺粮食价格提供依据。一、九一年定量粮油调价的背景1953年以来,我国对城镇居民的口粮油供应一直采用统一销售的政策。作为特殊历史条件下的产物,这一政策曾经对于调节粮食供求矛盾,保障居民的基本生活,促进国民经济的繁荣与发展,起到了极其重要的作用。然而,随着时间的推移,客观条件的变化,统销政策的消极面日益显露:由于粮食统销价过低,且长期冻结不调,粮食购销倒挂现象日益严重,从而加重了国家的财政负担。1979年国家对粮油物价的补贴约为
From May 1, 1991 onwards, China’s urban residents practicing a unified and substantial increase in the price of oil. This is the first time the government has made a vigorous reform action over the years in the prices of marketing and distribution of grain by urban residents. The drastic adjustment of grain and oil prices, what exactly has caused much impact on the lives of urban residents? This is an issue of utmost importance and urgent discussion. In this paper, we analyze the extent of this impact by using a combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and further discuss whether urban residents have potential affordability for further liberalization of grain and oil prices in order to fundamentally eliminate the reverse purchase and sale Phenomenon, to provide a basis for rationalizing food prices. I. The Background of the Quantitative Price Regulation of Grain and Oil in 1991 Since 1953, the oil supply to the urban residents in our country has been adopting a uniform sales policy. As a product under special historical conditions, this policy has played an extremely important role in regulating the contradiction between supply and demand of food, ensuring the basic livelihood of residents and promoting the prosperity and development of the national economy. However, with the change of objective conditions over time, the negative aspects of the policy on the marketing of unification have become increasingly evident. As the unification of foodstuffs is too low and the long-term freeze is not maintained, the phenomenon of food purchase and sales is becoming more and more inverted, thus aggravating the financial burden on the country. In 1979 the state subsidies for grain and oil prices of about