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我国近代艺术设计教育虽然有工艺和手工教育诸类型,但在思想、理念和体制上却没有摆脱传统“师徒制”的束缚。到民国时期,各类教育中开始盛行的图案教育成为艺术设计教育的重要组成部分,尤其以美术专科学校居多,这种变化的原因是多方面的,但直接从教育方式来看,在很大程度上要归功于民国时期蔡元培对我国教育体制的改革以及对“美育”的提倡和新式美术教育的倡导。蔡元培对“美育”方面的理念和实践活动,不但确立了具有现代意义的艺术教育体制,为我国艺术设计教育制度的确立打开了出口,而且促进了我国设计教育的发展。其中最突出的办学代表便是1928年在他的提议下创立的杭州国立艺术院。国立艺术院的创办不仅在美术、音乐这类纯艺术教育领域,而且在工艺美术和图案等涉及设计教育的领域共同推动当时的学校教育。一方面国立艺术院的创办直接体现他的“美育”思想和教育思想;另一方面作为全国性高等艺术教育院校,该校的图案科成为后来工艺美术(艺术设计)在高等教育的学科雏形,研究室的成立促使设计走向科学理性的分析道路,奠定了艺术设计进入高等教育的基础。
Although there are various types of arts and crafts education in modern art design education in our country, they have not got rid of the shackles of traditional “mentoring system” in their thoughts, concepts and systems. To the Republic of China, all kinds of education began to prevail in the pattern of education as an important part of art and design education, especially art colleges, the reasons for such changes are many, but directly from the educational point of view, To a certain extent, thanks to the reform of China’s education system and the advocacy of “aesthetic education” and the advocacy of new-style art education by Cai Yuanpei during the Republic of China. Cai Yuanpei’s concept and practice activities on “aesthetic education” not only established an art education system with modern significance, which opened up the establishment of our country’s art design education system, but also promoted the development of design education in our country. One of the most prominent representatives of the school was the Hangzhou National Art Institute which was founded on his proposal in 1928. The establishment of the National Academy of Arts not only promoted the school education in the field of pure art education such as art and music, but also involved design education in the fields of arts and crafts and graphic arts. On the one hand, the founding of the National Academy of Arts directly embodies his “aesthetic education ” thought and educational thought; on the other hand, as a national higher education institution of art, the pattern department of the university becomes the later arts and crafts (art and design) in higher education The prototype of the discipline and the establishment of the laboratory have led the design to the analysis path of scientific rationality and laid the foundation for the entry of art design into higher education.