近亲结婚在我国各民族中较多见,为进一步探讨近亲结婚的危害性,本文采用回顾性调查方法对近亲和非近亲结婚的遗传效应进行对比观察,并运用遗传负荷理论进行了遗传分析。资料和方法在青海省西宁市和海东地区八县回顾性调查了102对近亲结婚夫妇,并就近选择125对非近亲结婚夫妇作对照。两组在生活环境、医疗保健条件、职业、文化水平等因素都基本相似。主要调查近亲结婚类型、 Marriage of relatives in our country is more common in all ethnic groups in our country. In order to further investigate the harmfulness of marriages of relatives, we retrospectively investigated the genetic effects of marriages between close relatives and non-relatives and conducted genetic analysis using genetic load theory. DATA AND METHODS A retrospective survey of 102 married couples of close relatives was conducted in Xining City, Qinghai Province and eight counties in Haidong Region. 125 couples of non-relatives married were selected as the controls. The two groups in the living environment, health care conditions, occupation, level of education and other factors are similar. The main survey of kinship type,