论文部分内容阅读
目的探讨首次确诊的尘肺病患者的临床表现和X线影像特征。方法收集2009年1月至2013年12月在广东省职业病防治院住院的242例尘肺病患者,对其进行临床分析。结果 242例尘肺病患者全为男性,其中壹期尘肺病109例(45.04%),贰期87例(35.95%),叁期46例(19.01%)。发病以矽肺和陶工尘肺病例居多。佛山、中山和惠州三市尘肺病患者占全省总数50%。患者平均发病年龄为(43.25±7.39)岁,平均接尘工龄为(9.92±5.27)年;各期尘肺病发病年龄和接尘工龄的差异无统计学意义(F=0.719、2.570,P>0.05)。各期尘肺病的气促发生率差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.586,P<0.05)。肺通气功能损伤发生率、小气道功能损伤发生率均随尘肺病期别递增而升高(趋势χ2=4.032、5.550,P<0.05),肺通气功能损伤类型以限制性损伤为主(72.09%)。尘肺病合并结核发生率较低(1.65%)。尘肺病X线影像最突出的是存在圆形小阴影(98.76%,239/242)。小阴影形态以q影为主(78.24%,187/239)。小阴影分布以两中肺区(40.19%,461/1147)为最多。大阴影分布以右上肺区(47.95%,35/73)居多,其形态以圆形或椭圆形较为常见。结论广东省新发尘肺病例以矽肺和陶工尘肺病居多。控制尘肺病的重点是佛山、中山和惠州三市的宝石加工、石场和陶瓷制造业。企业应认真做好尘肺病防治工作,特别是设置通风防尘设施和做好职业健康监护工作。
Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and X-ray features of the first confirmed patients with pneumoconiosis. Methods A total of 242 pneumoconiosis patients hospitalized in Guangdong Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment Hospital from January 2009 to December 2013 were collected and analyzed clinically. Results Among the 242 patients with pneumoconiosis, 109 were pneumoconiosis (45.04%), 87 (35.95%) were in stage II, and 46 (19.01%) were in stage III. The incidence of silicosis and potter’s pneumoconiosis cases are mostly. Foshan, Zhongshan and Huizhou three cities accounted for 50% of the total number of pneumoconiosis patients. The average age at onset of pneumoconiosis was (43.25 ± 7.39) years old and average dusting age was (9.92 ± 5.27) years. There was no significant difference in the age of onset of pneumoconiosis and the age of accession to dust among all stages (F = 0.719, 2.570, P> 0.05 ). There were significant differences in the incidence of pneumoconiosis among different stages of pneumoconiosis (χ2 = 15.586, P <0.05). The incidence of ventilatory impairment and the incidence of small airway injury increased with the increase of pneumoconiosis stage (trend χ2 = 4.032, 5.550, P <0.05). The main types of lung injury were limited injury (72.09% ). The incidence of pneumoconiosis complicated with tuberculosis is low (1.65%). Pneumoconiosis most prominent is the presence of circular small shadow (98.76%, 239/242). Small shadow shape q-based (78.24%, 187/239). Small shadow distribution in the two lung areas (40.19%, 461/1147) for the most. Large shadow distribution to the right upper lung area (47.95%, 35/73) majority, its shape is more common round or oval. Conclusion The majority of pneumoconiosis cases in Guangdong Province are silicosis and potter’s pneumoconiosis. The focus of pneumoconiosis control is gem processing, stone quarrying and ceramic manufacturing in the three cities of Foshan, Zhongshan and Huizhou. Enterprises should conscientiously do a good job in pneumoconiosis prevention and treatment work, in particular, set up ventilation and dust-proof facilities and good occupational health monitoring.