目的:探讨足月新生儿自发性气胸的病因、发病特点、与分娩方式的关系及诊断和防治措施。方法:回顾性分析2005年1月1日～2011年12月31日产科足月新生儿自发性气胸30例的临床资料。结果:30例患者根据X线结果分三度,轻度23例,占76.7%,肺压缩<30%;中度7例,占23.3%,肺压缩30%～70%;无重度患者。足月新生儿自发性气胸多发生于出生后24 h内,剖宫产足月新生儿自发性气胸发生率明显高于自然分娩。结论:足月新生儿自发性气胸与分娩方式有关,多见于足月剖宫产,应严格掌握剖宫产手术指征。 Objective: To investigate the etiopathogenisis, incidence of spontaneous pneumothorax in term newborns, the relationship with the mode of delivery and the diagnosis and prevention measures. Methods: The clinical data of 30 cases of spontaneous pneumothorax in full-term neonates of obstetric department from January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Results: According to the X-ray results, 30 patients were divided into three degrees according to the result of X-ray. Twenty-three patients were mild, accounting for 76.7%, pulmonary compression being less than 30%, moderate, 7 and 23.3% respectively, and pulmonary compression being 30% to 70% Full-term neonatal spontaneous pneumothorax occurred in 24 hours after birth, cesarean section full-term neonatal spontaneous pneumothorax incidence was significantly higher than the natural childbirth. Conclusion: The full-term neonatal spontaneous pneumothorax and delivery mode, more common in full-term cesarean section, surgical indications should be strictly controlled cesarean section.