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自主性问题是道德哲学和伦理学领域的核心问题。传统的自主理论研究往往采取一种先验的研究视角,因围绕心理诚实性展开而表现出内在主义倾向,实际上把个体自主性问题归结为人的心理层面的问题。从个体所处的社会事实来考察个体自主性,则是一种典型的自然主义进路,它主张根据人类的自然倾向、所处的社会环境来考察研究对象,而不是仅仅依靠神秘的先验直觉或既定的逻辑结构。这种具有外在主义倾向的视角主张,根据人类的自然状态(人的生理条件等)以及社会化状况(自主性实现的外部条件)来理解个体自主性,并且它实现的关键在于一个双向的控制:对内满足(1)个体具备各种相关能力;对外满足(2)确保各种能力的行使。通过考察人作为自然状态存在的自主性的实现,总结出基于自我反思的认知能力、理性、过程独立这三个实现自主的基本要素;通过分析可能会对这三者产生影响的社会环境因素,提出确保个体自主实现的社会环境条件。
Autonomy is a central issue in the field of moral philosophy and ethics. Traditional autonomous theoretical research often adopts a transcendental research perspective, which shows the tendency of internalism around the development of psychological honesty. In fact, the issue of individual autonomy is attributed to the psychological aspect of human beings. Examining individual autonomy from the social facts in which individuals live is a typical naturalist approach that advocates examining subjects based on the natural tendency of mankind and the social environment in which he lives, rather than relying solely on mystical prior experience Intuitive or established logical structure. This perspective of extrinsic tendencies advocates an understanding of individual autonomy based on the natural state of human beings (human physiology), as well as the state of socialization (external conditions for autonomy), and the key to its realization lies in a two-way Control: internal satisfaction (1) individuals have a variety of related capabilities; external satisfaction (2) to ensure the exercise of various abilities. By examining the realization of autonomy as a natural state, this paper summarizes the three basic elements of self-reliance on cognitive ability, rationality and process independence based on self-reflection. By analyzing the social environmental factors that may affect these three, , Put forward to ensure that individuals realize the social conditions of the environment.