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俄国著名的形式主义代表什克洛夫斯基(В.Б.Шкловский,1893-1984)不仅是一位卓越的文艺理论家、批评家还是一位优秀的传记作家。其传记作品有自传《第三工厂》、历史传记《马克·波罗》和人物传记《列夫·托尔斯泰传》等。本文通过对这三部作品的概括性分析,旨在揭示什氏借助传记作品的创作力争俄国传统知识分子的文学地位的理念,阐述了其形式主义“陌生化”和“文学性”等美学纲领。
The famous Russian representative of formalism, Shklovsky (1893-1984), is not only a brilliant literary theorist, but also a critics and an excellent biographer. His biographies include autobiography “The Third Factory,” historical biography “Marc Polo,” and character biography “Leo Tolstoy Biography.” Through a general analysis of these three works, this paper aims to reveal the concept of using the biographies to strive for the literary status of Russian traditional intellectuals, and expounds his formalism “defamiliarization” and "literary And other aesthetic programs.