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为了筛选出冬油菜新品种“湘杂油763”在湖南油菜主产区推广的适宜氮磷钾配比及用量,于2008—2010年连续进行了2次该品种的氮磷钾配比及用量的大田小区试验,研究了不同氮磷钾配比及用量对其生物产量、籽粒产量、油分产量和经济效益的影响。结果表明:氮磷钾配比(N:P2O5:K2O)为1:0.50:0.50(处理B)和氮磷钾配比(N:P2O5:K2O)为1:0.43:0.57(处理G)的处理籽粒产量较高,分别达到2231和2065kg.hm-2,处理B显著高于除G外的其他处理;氮磷钾3种养分中,以氮肥对提高油菜籽粒产量的作用最大,其次为磷肥,作用最小者为钾肥;油分产量及植株生物产量变化规律与籽粒产量基本一致;按照处理B配比,籽粒产值为9816.97元.hm-2、施肥仅1641.23元.hm-2、施肥效益为6741.34元.hm-2,产投比达4.11;研究区域内N:P2O5:K2O=1:0.50:0.50,用量分别180(N)、90(P2O5)和90kg.hm-2(K2O)为较适宜施肥比例及用量。
In order to screen the suitable N, P and K ratio and dosage for the new winter rapeseed “Xiangzao 763” popularized in the main producing area of Hunan canola, the N, P and K ratio And the amount of field trials to study the different ratio of NPK and the amount of its biological yield, grain yield, oil yield and economic benefits. The results showed that the ratio of N, P2O5 to K2O was 1: 0.50: 0.50 (treatment B) and N: P2O5: K2O was 1: 0.43: 0.57 (treatment G) The grain yield was higher at 2231 and 2065 kg · hm-2, respectively, and treatment B was significantly higher than those at other treatments except that of N. The three nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients had the greatest effect on improving rapeseed yield, followed by phosphate fertilizer , And the least effect was potash fertilizer. The variation of oil yield and plant biomass was consistent with the grain yield. According to the treatment B, the grain yield was 9816.97 yuan.hm-2, the fertilizer was only 1641.23 yuan.hm-2, and the fertilizer benefit was 6741.34 (P2O5) and 90 kg · hm-2 (K2O), respectively, were more suitable for the study area than the control group Fertilization ratio and dosage.