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台湾西部河川的中下游主河道均有严重下降的情况,台风、洪水侵袭期间由于水位和冲刷深度的变化严重影响桥梁安全。桥梁管理单位常以水位高程作为封桥决策的依据,这虽然简单,但缺乏强而有力的技术支撑。因此,在洪流冲击下仍能稳定应用冲刷深度监测系统十分重要。在国内外已实施的冲刷自动化观测方法中,仪器设备受河道冲淤形态、高含沙量、高盐度、装置固定困难和在现场布置时与施工发生冲突等局限,往往不能实时反映涉水桥基的局部冲刷性态。因此,研究引用苏通大桥冲刷监测技术,通过沉底式水压计对河床面与水位(水头)实时量测,比对相对水头差异,以求取冲刷面的深度。苏通大桥属泥砂质河床,研究桥段属卵砾石河段,但台湾地形狭长,河川坡陡、水流湍急,对于监测设备的建置与保存较苏通大桥更为困难。研究特别考虑适用于现场环境恶劣的土建工程安全监测,采用了坚固且密封的钢箍,使水压计能在长期监测过程中保持极高的可靠性与稳定性,并且可在恶劣环境中正常运作的监测仪器十分必要。
The main river courses in the middle and lower reaches of the rivers in the western part of Taiwan have been seriously degraded. Typhoons and floods have seriously affected bridge safety due to changes in water level and erosion depth. Bridge management units often rely on the water level elevation as the basis for decision-making on the bridge closure, which though simple, lacks strong technical support. Therefore, it is very important that the scour depth monitoring system can be stably applied under the impact of floods. At home and abroad have implemented the automatic scouring observation method, the instrument and equipment by the river scouring and silting patterns, high sediment concentration, high salinity, device fixing difficulties and the layout of the site conflict with the construction and other limitations, often can not reflect the wading in real time Local erosion of bridge foundation. Therefore, the study cites the scouring monitoring technology of Sutong Bridge. The real-time measurement of the river bed and water level (head) by the sinking-type water pressure gauge compares the relative head difference to obtain the depth of the scouring surface. Sutong Bridge is a silt sandy riverbed. The study section is a gravel river. However, Taiwan’s terrain is narrow and steep with steep flow and turbulent flow. It is more difficult for the monitoring equipment to be constructed and preserved than the Sutong Bridge. In particular, the study considers civil engineering safety monitoring applicable to the harsh environment and uses a strong and sealed steel hoop, which enables the hydrostatic pressure meter to maintain high reliability and stability during long-term monitoring and can be normal in harsh environments The operation of monitoring equipment is necessary.