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因他人行为导致对物暂时的不能使用,其损害的性质以及赔偿标准存在争议。德国的早期司法实践坚守严格限制的立场,仅在权利人具备使用的能力和意愿、丧失使用的影响被真实感知的情形中认可使用丧失的可赔偿性。基于损害填补原则和公平理念,德国最高法院逐渐发展出了以交易观念为基础的核心法益领域理论,考察该物是否为权利人经营或生活所必须:对于被侵害的物,如果其目的仅在于提供个人享用,则属于非财产损害,依法律明文规定为限,通常不予赔偿;而如果当事人不得不另求替代,丧失的使用利益属于可以赔偿的财产损害,赔偿数额应当参照同类替代物的理论租金扣除利润所得。
Due to other people’s behavior temporarily caused by the inability to use, the nature of the damage and the standard of compensation is controversial. Early German judicial practice adhered to a strictly limited position and recognized the recoverability of the loss of use only in cases where the impact of the loss of use was perceived realistically, with the ability and willingness of the right holder to use it. Based on the principle of damage compensation and fairness, the German Supreme Court has gradually developed the theory of the core legal field based on the concept of transaction and investigated whether the object is necessary for the right holder to operate or live: if the object is infringed only if Provide personal enjoyment, it belongs to non-property damage, according to the law expressly provided for the limitation, usually without compensation; and if the parties have to seek alternatives, the loss of use of property belonging to compensable property damage, the amount of compensation should be based on the same kind of substitute Theoretical rent deducts profit income.