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为减少对进口石油的依赖及应对燃烧化石能源造成的空气污染和温室气体排放问题,世界各国争相发展生物质能源产业。针对利用能源植物带来的粮价上涨和粮食安全问题,适应人多耕地少的国情,我国制定了“不与民争粮,不与粮争地”生物质能源的发展原则。许多学者提出利用边际性土地种植能源作物。多数边际性土地过于零散,不利于能源作物大规模种植和收获、运输,人们把注意力集中到草原及荒草地。干旱和半干旱地区天然降水不能满足植物旺盛生长的水分需求。大规模集约化种植一年生能源作物,主要依靠灌溉,消耗大量的水资源,同“与民争粮,与粮争地”一样威胁粮食安全,同时还可能会造成生物多样性丧失、植被破坏、土地沙化、土壤次生盐渍化等环境和生态问题,影响草原畜牧业发展,使牧民生活无靠,与现有的《草原法》等法律、法规相悖,且无异于“问题搬家”。本研究通过分析能源作物,特别是在干旱和半干旱区规模化、集约化种植,对资源、生态环境的影响,依据国家相关法律法规,提出了干旱和半干旱地区边际土地能源作物规模化种植准入政策建议,以期为生物质能源产业的健康可持续发展提供依据。
In order to reduce their dependence on imported oil and deal with air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions caused by the burning of fossil fuels, all countries in the world are vying for the development of the biomass energy industry. In response to the rising grain prices and food security brought by the use of energy plants and the adaptation to the conditions of a small population with less cultivated land, our country has formulated the principle of “developing biomass energy without competing for food with grain and not competing with food”. Many scholars have proposed the use of marginal lands to grow energy crops. Most of the marginal land is too fragmented, which is not conducive to large-scale energy crops planting and harvesting, transportation, people focus on the grasslands and wasteland. Natural precipitation in arid and semi-arid regions does not meet the water requirements for vigorous plant growth. The large-scale intensive planting of annual energy crops mainly depends on irrigation and consumes a large amount of water resources, threatens food security as “fighting the people and competing with the grain” and may also cause loss of biological diversity and vegetation damage , Land desertification and secondary salinization of soil and other environmental and ecological issues, affecting the development of livestock husbandry in the grassland and preventing the herdsmen from living untentiously, contrary to existing laws and regulations such as the Grassland Law, ". In this study, based on the analysis of the impact of energy crops, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, on the resources and ecological environment, and in accordance with the relevant national laws and regulations, this study proposed the large-scale cultivation of energy crops on marginal lands in arid and semi-arid regions Admission policy recommendations, with a view to provide a basis for the healthy and sustainable development of biomass energy industry.