“害虫管理”这个概念的提出并被人们接受,距今只有20—30年。但森林害虫管理早在20年代就有人提出用“营林措施”控制森林害虫的方法。目前人们正在趋向于根据森林所特有的结构、功能等特点的生态系,形成一个害虫管理体系。 一、森林和森林管理的特点 森林的空间结构比较复杂,总的生产量较大,有较强的自肥性。除本身树冠分层外,还有灌木、地被物、根系等提供各种动物的食料和生息场所,对某些动物有较大的收容能力,昆虫相比较复杂,种群密度变动比较稳定,大发生仅是异常现象。特别是混交的天然林,害虫的大发生比单纯的人工林在程度上要少得多。但森林为长期作物,在林木的生长过程中,除受到害虫群体的危害之外,还有可能由于火灾、干旱、洪水、降雪、暴风、雪等环境变化而降低树木对不良环境条件的抵抗力,致使树木受钻蛀性害虫的危害,故森林害虫管理必须有长期的打算。森林管理的目的不仅是木材生产,还有治山、蓄水保土、防风抗灾、提供森林游乐场所、防止噪音、保护野生动物等作用。森林管理要着重维护这些功能。 二、森林昆虫的种群动态 The concept of “pest management” was put forward and accepted by people, only 20-30 years ago. However, as early as the 1920s, forest pest management proposed a “forest management measure” to control forest pests. At present, people are tending to form a pest management system based on the ecosystem characterized by their unique structure and function. First, the characteristics of forests and forest management Spatial structure of forests is more complex, the total production of large, strong self-fertility. In addition to its canopy layering, but also shrubs, ground cover, root system provides a variety of animal food and habitat for some animals have a larger capacity, insects are more complex, the population density changes relatively stable, large Occurrence is only an anomaly. In particular, mixed natural forests have a much smaller occurrence of pests than simple plantations. However, the forest is a long-term crop. In addition to being endangered by pest populations, trees may also reduce their resistance to adverse environmental conditions due to environmental changes such as fires, droughts, floods, snowfall, storm and snow during the growth of trees , Resulting in damage to the tree by boring pests, so management of forest pests must have a long-term plan. The purpose of forest management is not only wood production, but also mountain, water and soil, wind and disaster resistance, providing forest playground, to prevent noise, protect wild animals and so on. Forest management should focus on maintaining these functions. Second, the forest insect population dynamics