我自幼所受的传统教育,知道一个人做错了事,应当受相当的惩罚。这是所谓公道。1921年,我是一个年轻医生,我在诺桑白兰隔离病院当医官。某一个冬天晚上,在我到职不久之后,医院里接收了一位白喉病人。病人是六岁的孩子,喉间肿胀得十分厉害,除了立刻割开气管还有一线希望之外,否则就绝无挽救的方法。我当时毫无经验,这种简单而重要的手术我还不曾试过。当我站在那间空阔而灯光明亮的手术室里,看着一位年长女佣和一位 The traditional education that I had learned from my childhood knew that a person was doing something wrong and should be punished accordingly. This is so-called fair. In 1921, I was a young doctor, and I was a medical officer in Isobar’s hospital. One winter evening, a diphtheria patient was admitted to the hospital shortly after my appointment. The patient is a six-year-old and the throat swelled so badly that there was no hope of saving except for the immediate removal of the trachea. I was inexperienced at the time and I had not tried this simple but important surgery. When I stood in the empty and bright operating room, looking at an elderly maid and a