任何建筑物都要建造在土层上。位于建筑物底下并承受其重量的土层叫地基,建筑物与地基直接接触的部份叫基础。基础是建筑物的组成部份,它承受建筑物的全部重量,并将它们传给地基。但地基不是建筑物的组成部份,它只是承受建筑物重量的土层。建筑物为什么要有基础呢?因为土层受到建筑物的压力后要产生压缩变形,其压缩程度比起 Any building must be built on the soil. The soil layer underneath the building and bearing its weight is called the foundation. The part of the building that is in direct contact with the foundation is called foundation. The foundation is an integral part of the building. It bears the entire weight of the building and transmits it to the foundation. But the foundation is not an integral part of the building. It is only the soil layer that bears the weight of the building. Why does the building have a foundation? Because the soil layer is compressed after being subjected to the pressure of the building, the degree of compression is comparable to