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近年来中国不锈钢的产量及国内市场消费量均已达世界第一,2009年不锈钢产能为1 400万t,其中先进装备产能达到70%以上,产业集中度要高于其他钢铁产品。然而在精炼生产过程控制、产品质量方面,与国外仍有一定的差距。鉴于此,介绍了国内外不锈钢精炼的数学、物理及过程控制模型,讨论了不锈钢中非金属夹杂物的形成机制及其在精炼、连铸过程的控制,并对国外生产洁净不锈钢以及铁素体不锈钢中的C、N控制、奥氏体不锈钢中的T[O]含量控制以及430系不锈钢中夹杂物控制及精炼时最佳搅拌强度也进行了讨论。
In recent years, China’s stainless steel production and domestic market consumption have reached the highest in the world. In 2009, the stainless steel production capacity was 14 million tons, of which the advanced equipment production capacity reached more than 70% and the industry concentration was higher than that of other steel products. However, in refining the production process control, product quality, there are still some gaps with foreign countries. In view of this, the mathematical, physical and process control models of stainless steel refining at home and abroad are introduced. The formation mechanism of non-metallic inclusions in stainless steel and the control of the refining and continuous casting process are discussed. The production of clean stainless steel and ferrite C, N control in stainless steels, T [O] content in austenitic stainless steels, and control of inclusions in 430 series stainless steels as well as the optimal mixing intensity for refining are also discussed.