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目的分析2009-2012年被动物咬伤至某犬伤门诊就诊病例的流行病学特征,为加强狂犬病防治工作提供科学依据。方法采用描述性研究方法,根据犬伤门诊记录和统计资料,对伤人动物类别及就诊者的性别、年龄、职业、显露部位、级别、伤口处理、疫苗接种情况等相关因素进行统计分析。结果 2009-2012年某犬伤门诊共接诊动物致伤患者2 174例,全年各月均有病例,主要集中在7-8月,不同季节被咬伤者的构成比比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.9,P<0.01);受伤地点以城区居多(1 157例),占33.93%;职业以农民为多,占26.63%;30~59岁的伤者最多,占42.91%;犬伤者占93.65%;咬伤部位下肢和上肢分别占58.33%和32.75%;规范化处置伤口率低,仅为39.51%,免疫球蛋白接种率仅为Ⅲ级暴露的27.29%。结论某犬伤门诊被动物咬伤就诊病例狂犬病疫苗接种意识良好,但伤口处理不被重视,狂犬病免疫球蛋白的使用率低,应普及狂犬病防治知识,提高人群自我保护意识;及时规范处理伤口和免疫接种。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of animal cases from 2009 to 2012 during a biting clinic to provide scientific evidence for strengthening the prevention and treatment of rabies. Methods Descriptive methods were used to analyze the related factors such as sex, age, occupation, exposed location, grade, wound treatment and vaccination situation of the injured animals and the patients according to the out-patient records and statistical data. Results A total of 2 174 cases of animal injuries were reported from 2009 to 2012 in a canine outpatient clinic. There were cases in each month of the year, mainly in the period from July to August. There were statistically significant differences in the proportions of those who were bitten in different seasons (Χ2 = 18.9, P <0.01). Most of the injured sites were in urban areas (1 157 cases), accounting for 33.93%; farmer occupation was more, occupying 26.63% of the total occupations; those with 30- 59 years old were the most (42.91%); Dogs accounted for 93.65% of them were injured. The lower extremities and upper extremities accounted for 58.33% and 32.75% respectively. The standardized rate of wounds was only 39.51%. The immunoglobulin inoculation rate was only 27.29% of grade Ⅲ. Conclusions The diagnosis of rabies vaccination in a canine outpatient clinic was well aware of rabies vaccination, but wound treatment was not taken seriously. The use rate of rabies immunoglobulin was low. Knowledge of rabies prevention and control should be popularized and the crowd self-protection awareness should be popularized. Immunization.