一、前言年产近百万吨金属铜的日本,几乎完全是依靠火法炼铜工艺获得的。即铜精矿通过闪速炉、反射炉和鼓风炉熔炼成冰铜→卧式转炉吹炼成粗铜→火法精炼制成阳极板→电解精炼获得电铜。过去日立冶炼厂等曾采用转炉粗铜直接铸成阳极的方法,但由于这种阳极的表面状态和化学成分都满足不了电解要求,使电解过程的电流效率降低。电耗增大,析出铜质量下降等。后来该厂也采用了火法精炼。当今世界各国铜电解用的阳极无一例外的全部经过火法精炼工序,以进一步除去粗铜中As,Sb,Bi,Pb等杂质, I. Introduction Japan, which produces nearly one million tons of copper metal annually, relies almost exclusively on the pyrometallurgical process. Namely, the copper concentrate is melted into matte steel by flash furnace, reverberatory furnace and blast furnace → the horizontal converter is blown into blister copper → the fire refining process is made into the anode plate → the electrolytic refining is used to obtain the electro-copper. In the past, Hitachi smelters and other furnaces used the method of directly casting BOF into anodes, but the surface conditions and chemical compositions of such anodes did not satisfy the requirements for electrolysis, resulting in a decrease in the current efficiency of the electrolysis process. Increased power consumption, precipitated copper quality decline. Later, the plant also used fire refining. Today, all countries in the world copper electrolysis anode without exception, all through fire refining process to further remove blister copper As, Sb, Bi, Pb and other impurities,