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恩格斯职业教育思想是在恩格斯批判资本主义社会丑恶现象和各种非马克思主义思潮的基础上,积极参加和领导工人运动的历史进程中逐步形成、发展和成熟的,也是在伴随恩格斯对人类社会发展规律的深入研究过程中逐步形成、发展和成熟的。恩格斯职业教育思想以历史唯物主义为精髓,围绕人的自由全面发展这个主题,比较系统地回答了职业教育发展的立场、作用、人本观、人才观、素质观、根本途径、内容和对象等一系列基本问题,揭示了职业教育的一般规律和基本原则。恩格斯职业教育思想不仅为社会主义国家坚持和发展,而且也渗入西方资本主义职业教育观念,并影响后来西方国家特别是德国职业教育制度的发展。本文在人学理论视野下,以纵向梳理、横向建构为思路,试图初步说明恩格斯职业教育思想的独立性、科学性、价值性和前瞻性,以期丰富和弥补学界有关马克思主义职业教育思想的研究内容。
Engels’s thought of vocational education gradually formed, developed and matured in the historical process of actively participating in and leading the workers’ movement on the basis of Engels’s criticism of the ugly phenomena of capitalist society and various non-Marxist trends of thought. It is also accompanied by Engels’s development of human society The law of in-depth study gradually formed, developed and mature. Engels vocational education thought takes the historical materialism as the essence, around the theme of free and comprehensive development of human beings, and systematically answers the position, function, humanistic view, talent view, quality view, fundamental way, content and object of vocational education development A series of basic questions reveal the general rules and basic principles of vocational education. Engels’s thought of vocational education not only insisted and developed for socialist countries, but also infiltrated the concept of western capitalist vocational education and influenced the later development of the vocational education system in Western countries, especially Germany. Under the theoretical view of human being, this article tries to clarify the independence, scientificalness, value and forward-looking of Engels’ thought of vocational education in order to enrich and make up for the study of Marxist thought of vocational education content.