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目的：临床探支气管镜术在新生儿监护室应用指征及安全性。方法分析2012年1月~2013年12月北京军区总医院附属八一儿童医院儿童重症科应用支气管镜检查的154例因喉鸣、呼吸困难、反复窒息呛奶、肺不张和脱机困难而接受支气管镜术的新生儿的临床资料，其中男105例，女49例，年龄从出生第1天~第28天，体重从1.17~4.78 kg,平均2.85kg，足月儿123例（79.8%）。结果接受支气管镜术的主要原因是喉鸣（54例，35.1%），呼吸困难（32例，20.8%），反复呛奶窒息（20例，13%），肺不张（26例，16.8%）及反复撤机困难（22例，14.2%）。在54例喉鸣新生儿中发现喉软骨软化39例（72.2%），气管软化狭窄11例（20.4%），声门下狭窄、喉蹼、鼻中隔畸形和喉腔狭窄各1例（7.4%）；呼吸困难32例中患儿中，发现气管支气管软化狭窄16例（50%），喉软骨软化9例（28%），炎性肿胀所致狭窄7例（22%）；反复窒息呛奶20例中发现5例气管食管瘘（25%）；肺不张26例中发现炎性肿胀所致狭窄（分泌物堵塞气道）14例（53.8%），气管支气管软化狭窄8例（30.8%），支气管狭窄4例（15.4%）。脱机困难22例中发现气管支气管狭窄12例（54.5%）（包括炎性肿胀狭窄7例），喉软骨软化2例（9.1%）。支气管镜检查术中无严重并发症的发生。结论支气管镜可安全用于NICU中新生儿气道病变的诊断与治疗，新生儿喉鸣、呼吸困难、反复窒息呛奶、肺不张和脱机困难等表现应纳入常规支气管镜检查指征。“,”[Abstact]Objective To explore the indications and safety of clinical application of fiberopitic bronchoscopy (FB) in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods Athe clinic al data of 154 pediatric patients in NICU, 105 boys and 49 girls, aged 1~28 days, witht e body weight 2.85 kg (1.17~4.78 g), 79.8% being full-tgerm, who underwent FB were analyzed respectively. Result The indications for FB included stridor(54 cases,35.1%), dyspnea(n=32,20.8%), repeated apnea caused by choking of milk(n=32,20.8%), atelectasis (n=26, 16.8%), and failed extubation(n=22, 14.2%). In the 54 patients with stridor, laryngomalacia (39 cases, 72.2%), tracheomalacia (11 cases, 20.4%), subglottic stenosis(1 case),laryngeal web(1 case),nasal septum deformity(1 case) and laryngeal stenosis(1 case)were observed;in 3the 2 patients with dyspnea, tracheobronchomalacia stenosis (16 cases, 50%), laryngomalacia (9 cases, 28%) and inflammatory stenosis (7 cases, 22%) were observed; in the 20 patients with repeated apnea, tracheoesophageal fistula (5 cases, 25%) was observed; in the 26 patients with atelectasis 14 cases of inflammatory stenosis(53.8), 8 cases of tracheobronchomalacia stenosis (30.8%), and 4 cases of bronchial stenosis (15.4%) were found .In 22 patients with failed extubation,we found 12cases(54.5% ) of Tracheobronchomalacia stenosis including Inflammatory stenosis (7cases) ,and laryngomalacia(2cases,9.1% ).No procedure-related mortality, life-threatening complications occur in FB therapy. Conclusion Our results suggest that FB can be safely applied for diagnosis and treatment of neonatal airway disease in NICU.Indications for FB therapy may include stridor,dyspnea,repeatedapnea,choke,atelectasis and failed extubation.