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呵叻高原是世界上最大的钾盐矿床之一,老挝万象盆地是呵叻高原北部沙空那空盆地的一个次级盆地,通芒矿区则是万象盆地钾盐矿床的重要组成部分。近期,大量钾盐地质勘探工作的实施为该地区钾盐沉积的研究提供了良好条件和物质基础。研究表明,含盐地层包括上、中、下3个盐段,巨厚钾镁盐主要富集在塔贡组下盐段。盐类矿物主要包括石盐、光卤石、钾石盐、水氯镁石、溢晶石、硬石膏等,还包括一些碳酸盐和硼酸盐矿物。矿石类型以光卤石矿为主。含盐层位的Br含量、Br×103/Cl比值在剖面上的变化指示了成盐期卤水不断蒸发浓缩,最终形成了具有重要经济价值的钾镁盐矿床。与世界其它海相及陆相钾盐矿床对比表明,通芒矿区钾盐沉积具有明显的海相特征,成盐成钾物质应该来自海水。
The Korat Plateau is one of the largest potash deposits in the world. The Vientiane Basin in Laos is a secondary basin in the Sakhon Nakorn basin to the north of the Korat Plateau. The Tongshan area is an important part of the Wanxiang Basin potash deposits. Recently, the implementation of a large number of potash geological exploration work provided good conditions and material basis for the study of potash deposition in this area. The study shows that salt strata include three salt sections above, middle and lower. The thick potassium and magnesium salts are mainly enriched in the lower salt section of Tageng Formation. Salt minerals include mainly rock salt, carnallite, potassium salt, brihumeite, isocrystalline, anhydrite, etc., but also include some carbonate and borate minerals. The type of ore is mainly carnallite. The content of Br in the salt layer and the ratio of Br × 103 / Cl in the section indicate that the brine in the salt formation period is continuously evaporated and concentrated, finally forming the kalium-magnesium salt deposit with important economic value. Comparison with other marine and continental potash deposits in the world shows that the potash deposits in the Tongshan mining area have obvious marine characteristics, and the salt-to-potassium material should come from seawater.