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目的了解噪声作业工人健康状况,为制订作业工人听力保护规划提供依据。方法通过“职业病与职业卫生信息监测系统”收集龙岩市2015年《职业健康检查个案卡》资料,分析工人双耳高频平均听阈异常影响因素。结果 1 216名受检者中,高血压153例(12.6%),心电图异常294例(24.2%),双耳高频平均听阈异常44例(3.6%);双耳高频平均听阈异常检出率:小型规模企业高于大、中型规模企业,私有经济类型企业高于国有经济、港澳台经济类型企业,存在噪声和粉尘的企业高于仅有噪声的企业,男性高于女性;随着工人年龄的增长或接噪工龄的延长,异常检出率存在递增趋势,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05或0.01)。结论应针对职业性噪声聋的发病特点与职业健康风险,关注重点企业和人群,实施职工听力保护工程。
Objective To understand the health status of noise workers and provide the basis for formulating the hearing protection plan for workers. Methods The “Occupational Disease and Occupational Health Information Monitoring System” was used to collect the data of “Occupational Health Check Cases Card” in 2015 in Longyan City to analyze the influencing factors of average abnormal hearing threshold in both ears of workers. Results Among the 216 subjects, 153 (12.6%) had hypertension, 294 (24.2%) had abnormal electrocardiogram, and 44 (3.6%) had abnormal high-frequency hearing loss in both ears. Rate: Small-scale enterprises are higher than large- and medium-scale enterprises. Private-owned enterprises are higher than state-owned economy, Hong Kong, Maucao-economy enterprises, noise-and-dust enterprises are higher than noise-only enterprises, and men are higher than women. The increase of age or the extension of the noise-exposure period showed an increasing trend of anomaly detection rate (all P <0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions should focus on the incidence of occupational noise deaf characteristics and occupational health risks, focus on key enterprises and populations, the implementation of staff hearing protection project.