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目的了解福建省政和县2008年实施扩大国家免疫规划方案以来,扩大国家免疫规划疫苗接种情况,并分析影响因素与存在的问题,为改进扩大国家免疫规划工作提供解决思路。方法采用容量比例概率抽样(PPS)方法,抽取全县2008—2009年出生的儿童入户开展扩大国家免疫规划疫苗接种率调查。结果调查全县适龄儿童300人,建证率为99.3%,建卡率为98.3%;5苗单苗基础免疫接种率维持在90%以上,其中麻疹疫苗维持在95%以上,5苗全程接种率为89.0%,乙型肝炎疫苗首针及时接种率为97.7%。新扩疫苗基础免疫接种率:A群流行性脑脊髓膜炎疫苗为91.0%,乙型脑炎疫苗为92.0%,7苗全程接种率为82.7%,甲型肝炎疫苗为90.3%。加强疫苗接种率:麻疹疫苗为95.7.0%,百白破疫苗为89.0%,乙型脑炎疫苗为87.3%。结论该县基础免疫接种率维持在国家、该省指标要求水平以上,但加强免疫接种率除麻疹疫苗外都低于90%,接种率随着儿童月龄增大而降低,免疫规划工作有下滑趋势。
Objective To understand the situation of Zhenghe County in Fujian Province since its implementation of the plan to expand the national immunization program in 2008. Since then, the situation of vaccination of national immunization programs has been expanded. The influencing factors and existing problems have been analyzed, providing solutions for improving the national immunization program. Methods The method of volume proportional probability sampling (PPS) was used to select children born in the county from 2008 to 2009 to expand the national vaccination coverage survey. Results A total of 300 school-age children in the county were investigated. The rate of establishing card was 99.3% and the rate of establishing card was 98.3%. The basic vaccination rate of 5 seedlings was maintained above 90%. The measles vaccine maintained above 95% The rate of 89.0%, hepatitis B vaccine first needle timely vaccination rate was 97.7%. The basic immunization rate of newly-expanded vaccine was 91.0% for group A, 92.0% for encephalitis B vaccine, 82.7% for 7-seed vaccine and 90.3% for hepatitis A vaccine. To strengthen the vaccination rate: measles vaccine was 95.7.0%, diphtheria toxoid vaccine was 89.0%, Japanese encephalitis vaccine was 87.3%. Conclusion The basic immunization rate of the county is maintained at the level of the country, but the index of the province is above the required level. However, the rate of immunization coverage is lower than 90% except for the measles vaccine. The vaccination rate decreases with the increase of the age of children, and the immunization planning work has declined trend.