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大体来说,果实的外观、味道和营养成分是构成果实品质的主要因素。其中果实的外观(大小、形状、色泽和表面状况),在商品销售中则是最引人注目的。果实的外观品质主要受遗传因子的支配,不同树种和品种的果实,都有它们稳定的发育方式,如相对大小、形状、色泽和果面锈斑的有无等,但这些外观特征很大程度上也受到不同生育期中的环境因子和栽培条件的影响。除了正确选择栽培品种外,在果园管理各阶段,如花芽孕育、果实增大、果实成熟及采收日期等,都应采取相应的技术措施,来增进或改善果实的外观品质。
In general, the appearance, taste and nutrients of the fruits are the main factors that make up the fruit quality. The appearance of the fruit (size, shape, color and surface condition) is most noticeable in the sale of the product. The appearance quality of the fruit is mainly dominated by genetic factors. The fruits of different species and varieties have their stable development modes, such as the relative size, shape, color and the presence of rust on the fruit surface. However, these appearance features are largely It is also affected by environmental factors and cultivation conditions at different growth stages. In addition to the proper selection of cultivars, appropriate technical measures should be taken to improve or improve the appearance quality of the fruits at various stages of orchard management, such as flower bud gestation, fruit enlargement, fruit ripening and harvest date.