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采用常规压片法对砂燕麦、西班牙燕麦和短燕麦3个二倍体燕麦种进行了核型研究。结果表明:砂燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第4对染色体组的短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为68.17%;西班牙燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=10m+4sm(2SAT),具近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第7对染色体短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为59.31%;短燕麦染色体核型公式为2n=2x=14=6m+4sm+4st(2SAT),具近端部、近中部和中部着丝点染色体,第6对染色体组的短臂上有1对随体,核不对称系数为63.91%。虽然3个燕麦种的核型均为2A,但它们的染色体形态有明显不同,比较认为砂燕麦相对进化,短燕麦次之,西班牙燕麦较原始。本研究对燕麦种质资源的核型分析及进化地位研究具有参考价值。
The karyotypes of three diploid oat species of sand oat, spanish oats and short oats were studied by conventional tabletting method. The results showed that the karyotype of sand oat chromosome was 2n = 2x = 14 = 10m + 4sm (2SAT), with near-middle and middle centromeric chromosomes. There was a pair of satellite on the short arm of chromosome 4, The coefficient of symmetry was 68.17%. The karyotype formula of Spanish oat was 2n = 2x = 14 = 10m + 4sm (2SAT), with near-middle and middle centromeric chromosomes. There was a pair of satellite on the short arm of chromosome 7 The coefficient of asymmetry was 59.31%. The karyotype of short oat chromosomes was 2n = 2x = 14 = 6m + 4sm + 4st (2SAT), with chromosomes near the proximal part, near middle part and middle part. There is a pair of satellite on the arm, the nuclear asymmetry coefficient is 63.91%. Although the karyotypes of the three oat species were all 2A, their chromosome morphology was significantly different. The comparative evolution of sand oats, shorter oats and Spanish oats were more primitive. This study has reference value for karyotype analysis and evolutionary status of oat germplasm resources.